What Causes Spine Pain and When Should You See a Spine Surgeon?

Written by Andrew M. Peretz, MD, Spine Surgery & Orthopaedic Surgery Specialist at Somers Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute

What Are the Most Common Causes of Spine Pain?

Spine pain can affect anyone at any age, and understanding the underlying cause is crucial for proper care. Common reasons people experience back or neck pain include:

Herniated or Bulging Discs

Discs act as cushions between your vertebrae. When a disc bulges or herniates, it can press on nerves, causing sharp, radiating pain or numbness in the arms or legs.

Degenerative Disc Disease

As we age, spinal discs can lose hydration and flexibility, leading to chronic stiffness and discomfort.

Spinal Stenosis

A narrowing of the spinal canal can compress nerves, causing tingling, weakness, or pain, especially in the legs.

Muscle Strain or Ligament Injury

Overuse, improper lifting, or repetitive movements can strain the muscles and ligaments supporting your spine.

Osteoarthritis and Facet Joint Problems

Worn joints can lead to osteoarthritis in the spine, resulting in localized pain and reduced mobility.

Trauma or Injury

Falls, accidents, or sports-related injuries can damage spinal structures and require evaluation by a specialist.

When Should You Consult a Spine Surgeon?

While many cases of spine pain improve with conservative treatments like physical therapy or medications, certain signs indicate a spine surgeon consultation is necessary:

• Persistent Pain: Pain that lasts several weeks despite conservative care.
• Radiating Pain or Numbness: Pain traveling into arms or legs may signal nerve compression.
• Weakness or Loss of Sensation: Loss of strength or feeling in the limbs.
• Red Flags: Loss of bladder or bowel control, severe trauma, or sudden worsening symptoms.
• Impact on Daily Life: Pain affecting sleep, work, or routine activities.

Early consultation with a spine specialist can provide guidance on treatment options, including minimally invasive surgery when appropriate.

How Spine Pain Feels

Spinal pain can present differently depending on the underlying condition:

• Sharp, stabbing, or shooting pain
• Dull, aching, or throbbing discomfort
• Pain radiating into the arms or legs (sciatica)
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in extremities

Managing Spine Pain at Home

While professional evaluation is key, some measures may help reduce mild spine pain:

• Gentle stretching and low-impact exercises
• Maintaining proper posture
• Heat or cold therapy
• Over-the-counter pain relief (if safe for you)
• Avoiding heavy lifting or twisting

Always consult your healthcare provider before starting new treatments or exercises.

FAQs About Spine Pain

Q: Can poor posture cause spine pain?
A: Yes, prolonged poor posture can strain spinal muscles and joints, contributing to discomfort.

Q: Is surgery always necessary for spine pain?
A: No. Many patients improve with conservative care. Surgery is considered when non-surgical treatments are insufficient or if there are neurological symptoms.

Q: How do I know if my spine pain is serious?
A: Red flags include numbness, weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or sudden trauma. These require prompt evaluation by a spine specialist.

Q: Can children or teens experience spine pain?
A: Yes. Pediatric spine issues, such as scoliosis or herniated discs, can occur and early assessment is important.

About Dr. Andrew Peretz

Dr. Andrew M. Peretz, MD, FAAOS, is a board-certified orthopaedic surgeon specializing in spinal surgery. He treats adult and pediatric patients at Somers Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute across Carmel, Newburgh, Mt. Kisco, and Fishkill, New York. Dr. Peretz serves as the Director of the Spinal Institute at Putnam Hospital Center and is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases. With over two decades of experience, he provides individualized care, offering guidance on conservative treatments and minimally invasive surgical options when necessary. If you or your child suffer from spine pain, Dr. Peretz can help guide you through a thoughtful, research-backed experience. Book an appointment with him today to get the clarity and support you need.